Conclusion

     Through this blog it was achieved the main objective of sharing articles and updates that relate in some way with pharmacology. The main purpose was to show the importance of this field and important applications that flow from it in our daily lives. This was achieved using technology as the primary medium, because without technology none of this would be possible. Today we live in a world where it is crucial to go in search of solutions to our illnesses and any other problems. We live in a society that keeps going and evolves through the changes that occur in all aspects, seeking to improve the quality of life of human beings.

     It is regrettable that many diseases remain today without treatment, with much pain and other severe effects that can cause death in many cases. As science has evolved looking to improve, scientists have committed errors which we regret today, like the emergence of new diseases as a result of malpractice. This is why we must focus on doing things right and handle any type of material we are using (drugs, chemicals, technology devices ...) with due caution and taking the required safety measures. This is essential for our life, being that a malpractice can put our lifes and others in danger. 

       I hope your navigation through my blog has served you as a news media to the uplift of some current developments and to reflect about the care that we must take when managing medication, whether we ingest them or work with them appropriately.

Images: http://www.butler.va.gov/images/Prescription_Safety_1.jpg

https://dghealth.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/smw-12.jpg

http://www.infocusmagazine.org/6.3/images/hs_drug_safety.jpg

Drugs with the ability to regenerate neurons to reverse the damage of multiple sclerosis

What is multiple sclerosis?

Main  symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

Normal nerve vs a damaged nerve by
Multiple Sclerosis

     It is a disease caused by a damage to the myelin sheath, which is a protective layer around the neurons of the brain and spinal cord. The damage of the sheath causes nerve impulses diminish or stop, causing loss of balance, muscle spasms, weakness, among other symptoms. This disease mainly affects women between 20 and 40 years old, but can be diagnosed at any age. The sheath is damaged when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system, which means, cells attack themselves by treating natural antigens produced by the body as if they were strangers. 

Signal from brain in a normal neuron vs a damaged
myelin signal

Several United States institutions conducted research on 727 drugs to find the effect for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. They discovered that clobetasol and miconazole, which are used to treat athlete's foot and eczema, has the ability to regenerate damaged brain cells for multiple sclerosis in mice. Previously, they knew there existed stem cells in the nervous system that repair the damage caused by this disease. However, they did not know how to guide them. Paul Tesar, one of the main authors of the study, said that his focus was to find a drug that catalyze the body's own stem, thereby replacing damaged cells by multiple sclerosis cells. 

      With this study, coauthor Miller says that this finding represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. It is expected from the patients to be checked through clinical trials. For now we have tested the effect of drugs on human stem cells and it has been seen a similar response in mice.
   It is unfortunate that there are not known definite causes for this disease, but its being said to be likely that those who have a family history of multiple sclerosis, or live somewhere where the disease is more common, are more prone to suffer from it. These drugs are expected to open their doors for the cure of multiple sclerosis, as currently there are only treatments that slow the progression of the disease.

Credits:

http://www.agenciasinc.es/Noticias/Dos-farmacos-cutaneos-regeneran-neuronas-danadas-por-esclerosis-multiple

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/000737.htm

Images from:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Symptoms_of_multiple_sclerosis.svg/220px-Symptoms_of_multiple_sclerosis.svg.png

http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/wp-content/uploads/satevepost/illustration_myelin.jpg

http://www.dailytimesgazette.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Multiple-Sclerosis-pill1.jpg

http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/wp-content/uploads/satevepost/illustration_myelin.jpg

http://multiplesclerosis.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/global_2x.png

Drug treatment to reduce obesity

     Researchers at the National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have shown that partial pharmacological inhibition of PI3K enzyme reduces body weight and physiological manifestations of metabolic syndrome, particulary in diabetes and hepatic steatosis (fatty liver). This experiment was conducted with obese mice and monkeys, which showed no side effects or toxicity. The PI3K enzyme is responsible for achieving balance in the production of cellular and biochemical components of cell nutrients spending. The enzime favors and induces cell division and growth and ultimately can  cause cancer. That is why many cancer researchers have worked with the intention of finding a drug that inhibits this enzyme to find a treatment for cancer.

     To test the effect of this enzyme the researchers administered small samples of inhibitor  CNIO-PI3ki to obese mice over a period of five months. After two months, the mice had lost 20% of their body mass. Afterwards their weight remained stable, following a high-fat diet. Another effect was the improvement of physiological symptoms and hepatic steatosis. Elena Lopez, from CNIO, explains that steady weight loss is very dangerous in obesity cases, so it is expected to achieve an alteration in the balance between undertaking and spending of nutrient, favoring the spending of energy. 

     If through more research, they are able to find a way to alter the balance of nutrients encouraging spending, it will be of great help to the obesity problem which most of the Americans face. This problem is due to several factors, one being genetic heritage. It is often difficult to work with and achieve a decrease in obesity because the body needs to store nutrients. That is why this treatment would be of great impact, because there are many people who will benefit from it. Furthermore, not only obesity reduces, this will reduce diabetes. This is a disease that just like obesity, affects a large portion of the American population. It is caused when the body can not regulate sugar levels in the blood, which is treated with a strict and rigid diet. There are three types of diabetes: diabetes type I, diabetes type II and gestational diabetes, which have very harmful effects on the health of the individual. Type I diabetes can not be prevented, however, type II diabetes can be prevented or delayed if you have a healthy diet and active lifestyle.
    For the previously mentioned reasons and many others, we hope we can find an efficient treatment for reducing obesity among the population. Like diabetes there are many more diseases that are caused by obesity. Meanwhile we should promote the correct nutrition in the busy lifestyle of people, since  malnutrition has a big effect due to the time factor.

Video retrived from: https://youtu.be/NjpzSDa7Wro

Credits:

http://www.agenciasinc.es/Noticias/Un-tratamiento-farmacologico-reduce-la-obesidad-en-ratones-y-monos

Images:

http://i1.wp.com/clinicadenutricionbiodieta.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/raton.jpg
http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/article_thumbnails/reference_guide/prescription_weight_loss_drugs_ref_guide/375x321_prescription_weight_loss_drugs_ref_guide.jpg